What does introgression mean in biology?
What does introgression mean in biology?
introgressive hybridization
Introgression (or “introgressive hybridization”) describes the incorporation (usually via hybridization and backcrossing) of alleles from one entity (species) into the gene pool of a second, divergent entity (species) (Anderson and Hubricht 1938; Anderson 1949).
What is introgression in breeding?
Introgressive hybridization (introgression) is genetic modification of one species by another through hybridization and repeated backcrossing. Introgression is important in the evolution of flowering plants. It is also important in plant breeding where a desirable trait can be transferred from wild to crop species.
What is the difference between hybridization and introgression?
Hybridization is referred to a process through which there is interbreeding between species of two genetically distinct populations or species. Introgression is a genetic crossover that takes place between the species of the same population via a backcross to one or both of the parent species.
How does introgression occur?
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species.
What is introgression evolution?
Introgression – the transfer of genetic material between species following hybridization and backcrossing to the parental species – is a fundamental concept of plant evolutionary biology (Anderson and Hubricht, 1938; Anderson, 1949).
Why is DNA hybridization important?
DNA hybridization provides an extremely powerful tool in molecular biology. Hybridization allows the identification and cloning of specific genes, analysis of levels of mRNA in cells, analysis of the copy number of sequences in the genome, and DNA fingerprinting, among other applications.
Is introgression a gene flow?
Gene flow or the transfer of genes from one species to another. This is extended to include gene flow from wild ancestral or related species to domesticated animals or plants.
What is introgression in fish?
What is introgression of genes?
Is genetic drift evolution?
Genetic drift is a mechanism of evolution. It refers to random fluctuations in the frequencies of alleles from generation to generation due to chance events. Genetic drift can cause traits to be dominant or disappear from a population. The effects of genetic drift are most pronounced in small populations.
What is called hybridization?
In chemistry, orbital hybridisation (or hybridization) is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals (with different energies, shapes, etc., than the component atomic orbitals) suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds in valence bond theory.
What are the steps in DNA hybridisation?
During DNA-DNA hybridization, the DNA of each species is heated to the melting temperature to produce single strands. Then, a strand of DNA from each species is combined and allowed to anneal together (recombine). Then, the sample is heated gradually.
Which is the best description of introgression in genetics?
Introgression, also known as introgressive hybridization, in genetics is the transfer of genetic material from one species into the gene pool of another by the repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parent species.
When does introgression occur across the species boundary?
Introgression is often described as occurring “across species boundaries” (e.g., the introduction of techniques for mtDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis led to a spate of papers that discussed mtDNA gene flow across the species boundary; Ferris et al. 1983; Powell 1983; Harrison et al. 1987 ).
How is introgression related to the definition of hybridization?
Introgression is a relative term; alleles at one locus introgress with respect to alleles at other loci. That is, for the above definition to be applicable, some portion of the gene pool of each of the hybridizing taxa must remain constant and uncontaminated such that we can actually recognize that 2 distinct gene pools exist.
How does introgression have an impact on human populations?
Introgression can have a significant impact on human populations through hybridization, for instance, between wild and domestic populations of animals. This includes household pets, as seen in cats or in dogs. Introgression has been observed in several plant species.