What are the ototoxic drugs?
What are the ototoxic drugs?
Ototoxic drugs include antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, loop diuretics such as furosemide and platinum-based chemotherapy agents such as cisplatin and carboplatin.
Which antineoplastic drugs cause ototoxicity?
Antineoplastic agents most commonly associated with ototoxicity are the platinum-based compounds cisplatin and, to a lesser degree, carboplatin. These agents are widely used in gynecologic, lung, central nervous system, head and neck, and testicular cancers.
What is the mechanism of platinum compounds in ototoxicity?
The main platinum compounds are cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin. They exert their action by covalent binding to purine DNA bases, resulting in interference with normal DNA function [2,3].
What is ototoxicity toxicity?
Ototoxicity is, quite simply, ear poisoning (oto = ear, toxicity = poisoning), which results from exposure to drugs or chemicals that damage the inner ear or the vestibulo-cochlear nerve (the nerve sending balance and hearing information from the inner ear to the brain).
What are signs of ototoxicity?
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Ototoxicity?
- no problems.
- minimal hearing loss but not notice a problem.
- “ringing in the ears” (tinnitus).
- major problems with balance.
- hearing problems, usually in both ears (called bilateral hearing loss).
- profound hearing loss (deafness)
How is ototoxicity treated?
Aminoglycoside antibiotics, platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents, loop diuretics, macrolide antibiotics, and antimalarials are the commonly used ototoxic drugs [2] with well-documented efficacy against various infections and malignancies in children and adults.
What is the most serious potential adverse effect of rifampin use?
Upset stomach, heartburn, nausea, menstrual changes, or headache may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, inform your doctor promptly. This medication may cause urine, sweat, saliva, or tears to change color (yellow, orange, red, or brown).
Why does cisplatin cause ototoxicity?
The molecular mechanisms of cisplatin ototoxicity therefore include the following:(i)“Creation of reactive oxygen species,(ii)Depletion of antioxidant glutathione and its regenerating enzymes,(iii)Increased rate of lipid peroxidation,(iv)Oxidative modifications of proteins,(v)Nucleic acids damage by caspase system …
What is presbycusis caused by?
Presbycusis is usually a sensorineural hearing disorder. It is most commonly caused by gradual changes in the inner ear. The cumulative effects of repeated exposure to daily traffic sounds or construction work, noisy offices, equip- ment that produces noise, and loud music can cause sensorineural hearing loss.
What does ototoxicity feel like?
As your ototoxicity becomes worse, the sounds become louder. You may feel a pressure or fullness in your head or ears, like you have a cold. You may notice a loss of hearing, or your existing hearing loss may become worse. You might feel like the room is spinning around you, or that you are spinning.
Can ototoxicity be cured?
Ototoxicity cure There is currently no cure for permanent ototoxicity; however, hearing aids can improve the effects of hearing loss and help people with ototoxicity live normal lives.
Does Rifampin cause liver damage?
Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.