What are paraffins naphthenes and aromatics?
What are paraffins naphthenes and aromatics?
Paraffins – straight chain of saturated hydrocarbons. Isoparaffins – branched chain of saturated hydrocarbons. Aromatics – unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more benzene rings. Naphthenes – cyclic chain of saturated hydrocarbons.
What are naphthenes used for?
Naphthenes are an important component of liquid petroleum refinery products. Most of the heavier boiling point complex residues are cycloalkanes. Naphthenic crude oil is more readily converted into gasoline than paraffin-rich crudes are.
What is the difference between naphthenes and aromatics?
The key difference between naphthenes and aromatics is that the naphthenes have only single bonds between carbon atoms whereas the aromatics have both single bonds and double bonds between carbon atoms. We call naphthenes “cycloalkanes”. These are cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds.
What is Make Up percentage of naphthenes in crude oil?
The elemental composition of crude oils depends on the type and origin of the crude; however, these elements vary within narrow limits. The proportions of these elements in a typical crude are 84.5% carbon, 13% hydrogen, 1–3% sulfur, and less than 1% each of nitrogen, oxygen, metals, and salts.
Why are the alkanes called paraffins?
Paraffin is a truncation of Latin ‘parum affinum’ meaning ‘less affinity’ i.e. ‘less reactivity’. Alkanes have only single bonds which are sigma covalent. Hence, alkanes are called paraffins because they have lesser affinity towards general reagents. In other words they are inert, not readily active.
Are Naphthenes paraffins?
Unlike olefins, which are straight-chain compounds, naphthenes are paraffins that have been “bent” into a ring or a cyclic shape. Naphthenes, like paraffins, are saturated compounds.
What octane number means?
Octane number, also called Antiknock Rating, measure of the ability of a fuel to resist knocking when ignited in a mixture with air in the cylinder of an internal-combustion engine.
Are naphthenes paraffins?
What is the general formula of naphthenes?
CnH2n
Naphthenes, also known as cycloalkanes, are saturated hydrocarbons that have at least one ring of carbon atoms. They have the general formula CnH2n. A common example is cyclohexane (C6H12). The boiling point and densities of naphthenes are higher than those of alkanes having the same number of carbon atoms.
What is paraffin based crude oil?
1. n. [Production Testing] A crude oil containing paraffin wax but very few asphaltic materials. This type of oil is suitable for motor lubricating oil and kerosene.
What is the meaning of the chemical naphthene?
[naf-theen, nap-] noun Chemistry. any of a group of hydrocarbon ring compounds of the general formula, CnH2n, derivatives of cyclopentane and cyclohexane, found in certain petroleums.
How are naphthenes different from other cyclic hydrocarbons?
Naphthenes are cyclic, aliphatic hydrocarbons that are manufactured from petroleum oil. The general formula of naphthenes is C n H 2n. Furthermore, these compounds have one or more rings ring structures, which has only single bonds. Therefore, these are saturated hydrocarbon compounds.
What are the different types of alkanes and naphthenes?
These compounds are colourless solid hydrocarbon mixtures of alkanes we can use to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, etc. Naphthenic refers to substances containing naphthene. Naphthenes are cyclic, aliphatic hydrocarbons that are manufactured from petroleum oil. The general formula of naphthenes is C n H 2n.
How are naphthenes used in a petroleum refinery?
Naphthenes are an important component of liquid petroleum refinery products. Most of the heavier boiling point complex residues are cycloalkanes. Naphthenic crude oil is more readily converted into gasoline than paraffin-rich crudes are. Note naphthenes are not the same as the chemical called naphthalene.