What is adult horse serum?
What is adult horse serum?
Horse serum produced from adult horses is homogenous and has low levels of polyamine oxidase. It is metabolically stable and promotes cell proliferation. Horse sera is an alternate to bovine serum and is a source of growth factors and hormones.
What is C2C12 cell line?
The C2C12 cell line is a subclone of myoblasts that were originally obtained by Yaffe and Saxel at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel in 1977. These cells are capable of rapid proliferation under high serum conditions and differentiation into myotubes under low serum conditions.
What happens to myoblast cells when fetal bovine serum levels are reduced or removed?
Our results show that removal of EVS from FBS affected proliferation of myoblasts and committed cells to differentiate precociously. Myoblasts constantly grown in EV-depleted media during proliferation and differentiation formed less myotubes than myoblasts grown in normal serum.
What is muscle differentiation?
Differentiation of skeletal muscle is a highly controlled, multistep process, during which single muscle cells initially freely divide and then align and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes. This process of muscle differentiation in vivo is governed by a complex interplay of a wide range of growth and trophic factors.
Is tetanus made with horse serum?
Researchers and manufacturers continued to refine the serum, and the museum’s collections contain examples of some of the earliest tetanus antitoxin produced in the United States. Anti-Tetanic Serum, 1898. Like diphtheria antitoxin, these ampoules of Anti-Tetanic Serum from Parke, Davis & Co. were produced in horses.
What does horse serum do?
What Are the Uses of Horse Serum? A: Horse Serum, like other animal sera, can be used as a supplement to basal growth medium in cell culture. Horse Serum applications include diagnostic assay, animal and human vaccine productions and as a supplement in bacteriological media.
What is C2C12 differentiation?
Differentiation of C2C12 cells is achieved by replacing GM to differentiation media, DM [DMEM—high glucose no sodium pyruvate (Gibco), 2% horse serum (Gibco), 1% glutamine (Gibco), 1% pen/strep (Gibco)]. After 24 h in DM, fused cells should be visible. DM should be changed every 48 h.
What do C2C12 cells differentiate into?
In our study, C2C12 cells were used to investigate the response of skeletal muscle cells to heat stress during differentiation. During differentiation of C2C12 cells, myoblasts undergo remodeling to form mature myotubes in parallel with the increased expression of muscle specific genes16.
What is the disadvantage of serum?
The disadvantages of serum are described, including variability, shelf life, availability, effect on down-stream processing, and potential for contamination.
How do muscles grow?
Muscle size increases when a person continually challenges the muscles to deal with higher levels of resistance or weight. Muscle hypertrophy occurs when the fibers of the muscles sustain damage or injury. The body repairs damaged fibers by fusing them, which increases the mass and size of the muscles.
Which is the best protocol to differentiate C2C12 cells?
The original C2C12 condition is also critical, if cells is stressed, it can be elongated but not fused to form myotubes. Hi Amaya!
Can a chick myoblast differentiate in horse serum?
Primary cultures of chick myoblasts were able to differentiate in both media tested, with Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium containing horse serum being a more efficient medium for cell fusion.
Can a L6 cell differentiate in serum free medium?
In L6 cells, however, myotubes were readily formed in medium containing 2% horse serum, but not in the serum-free system. In addition, the ability of C2C12 cells to differentiate on substrates coated with extracellular matrix proteins was shown to be media-dependent.