What is translocation in genetics?
What is translocation in genetics?
Listen to pronunciation. (TRANZ-loh-KAY-shun) A type of chromosomal abnormality in which a chromosome breaks and a portion of it reattaches to a different chromosomal location.
What is translocation in cell biology?
Definition. Protein translocation is a process by which proteins move between cellular compartments. Short amino-acid sequences within a protein, known as signal peptides or signal sequences, can direct its localisation, although translocation also occurs in the absence of these signal sequences.
What is a translocation example?
This newly formed chromosome is called the translocation chromosome. The translocation in this example is between chromosomes 14 and 21. When a baby is born with this type of translocation chromosome in addition to one normal 14 and two normal 21 chromosomes, the baby will have Down syndrome.
What causes translocation in genes?
A translocation is a type of abnormal change in the structure of a chromosome that occurs when a part of one chromosome breaks off and sticks to another chromosome. These “mutations” are an important cause of many types of lymphomas and leukemias.
What is called translocation?
The movement of sucrose and other substances like amino acids around a plant is called translocation . In general, this happens between where these substances are made (the sources) and where they are used or stored (the sinks): from sources in the root to sinks in the leaves in early spring time.
What is translocation in simple words?
Listen to pronunciation. (TRANZ-loh-KAY-shun) A genetic change in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. Sometimes pieces from two different chromosomes will trade places with each other.
How common is translocation?
Chromosomal translocations refer to exchange of chromosomal segments between chromosomes. Translocations are the most common type of structural chromosomal abnormalities seen in the general population, having a frequency of about 1/1000 live births.
What causes translocation?
Translocation Down syndrome is a type of Down syndrome that is caused when one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome. In this case, there are three 21 chromosomes but one of the 21 chromosomes is attached to another chromosome.
How does translocation occur?
Translocations occur when chromosomes become broken during meiosis and the resulting fragment becomes joined to another chromosome. Provided that there is no loss of genetic material, the translocation is balanced (i.e. no loss or gain of genetic material) and usually results in normal development.
What does translocation mean in genetics?
Translocation, Genetic. A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.
What is meant by translocation?
Medical Definition of translocation. 1 : transfer of part of a chromosome to a different position especially on a nonhomologous chromosome especially : the exchange of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes.
What is significance of translocation?
Because translocation is responsible for the delivery of nutrients to developing seeds and fruits , this process is critical to the achievement of optimal crop yield. It also accounts for the ultimate nutritional composition of plant foods important to humans.
What does translocation mutation cause?
Translocation mutations cause cancers such as leukaemia, infertility and XX male syndrome, etc. Infertility occurs when one of the parents carries a balanced translocation resulting in non-viable fetus even though the parent conceives. XX male syndrome occurs due to the translocation of the SRY gene of the Y chromosome to X chromosome .