What are congenic markers?
What are congenic markers?
Marker assisted breeding or marker assisted selection breeding, also known as “speed congenics” permits the production of congenic strains equivalent to 10 backcross generations in as few as five generations (Markel et al., 1997; Wakeland et al., 1997). …
What are congenic mice?
What are congenic mice? Congenic and consomic mice are special types of inbred strain in which part of the genome of one mouse strain is transferred to another, most often by backcrossing the donor mouse strain to the receiver strain with appropriate selection.
What is a chromosomal strain?
A chromosome substitution strain (CSS) or consomic strain is an inbred strain in which a single chromosome from a donor strain replaces the corresponding chromosome in the host/parental strain on a defined and uniform genetic background.
What are recombinant strains?
A recombinant inbred strain (or recombinant inbred line) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains.
What is a cross involving only one trait called?
When fertilization occurs between two true-breeding parents that differ in only one characteristic, the process is called a monohybrid cross, and the resulting offspring are monohybrids. Mendel performed seven monohybrid crosses involving contrasting traits for each characteristic.
How do you make recombinant inbred lines?
RECOMBINANT inbred lines (RILs) can serve as powerful tools for genetic mapping. An RIL is formed by crossing two inbred strains followed by repeated selfing or sibling mating to create a new inbred line whose genome is a mosaic of the parental genomes (Figure 1).
How do you make a congenic mouse?
Congenic strains are generated in the laboratory by mating two inbred strains (usually rats or mice), and back-crossing the descendants 5–10 generations with one of the original strains, known as the recipient strain. Typically selection for either phenotype or genotype is performed prior to each back-cross generation.
What is the difference between a strain and a mutation?
In some cases, there could be many mutations that together alter the building block. A variant is referred to as a strain when it shows distinct physical properties. Put simply, a strain is a variant that is built differently, and so behaves differently, to its parent virus.
What is a type strain?
By definition, type strains are descendants of the original isolates used in species and subspecies descriptions, as defined by the Bacteriological Code [14], that exhibit all of the relevant phenotypic and genotypic properties cited in the original published taxonomic circumscriptions.
What is near isogenic lines?
Near-isogenic lines (NILs) are strains which genetic makeups are identical except for few specific locations or genetic loci (Muehlbauer et al., 1988; Young et al., 1988).