What drug inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?
What drug inhibits nucleic acid synthesis?
Quinolones are a key group of antibiotics that interfere with DNA synthesis by inhibiting topoisomerase, most frequently topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase), an enzyme involved in DNA replication.
Which antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid and protein synthesis?
The antibiotics of the rifamycin, actinomycin, chromomycin, and anthracycline groups have been found to be specific inhibitors for the DNA-controlled synthesis of RNA in vitro. Streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and puromycin can specifically suppress certain steps in the biosynthesis of proteins.
How do drugs reduce nucleic acid synthesis?
Quinolone-Mediated Inhibition of DNA Replication. Cleaved complexes inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. Inhibition of DNA replication occurs within minutes of drug addition, even when inhibition is only partial.
How do fluoroquinolones inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
The fluoroquinolones are the only direct inhibitors of DNA synthesis; by binding to the enzyme-DNA complex, they stabilize DNA strand breaks created by DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Ternary complexes of drug, enzyme, and DNA block progress of the replication fork.
How do protein synthesis inhibitors work?
A protein synthesis inhibitor is a substance that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the processes that lead directly to the generation of new proteins. It usually refers to substances, such as antimicrobial drugs, that act at the ribosome level.
Which drug inhibits the RNA and DNA synthesis?
Daunorubicin HCl (Daunomycin, RP 13057, Rubidomycin) inhibits both DNA and RNA synthesis and inhibits DNA synthesis with Ki of 0.02 μM in a cell-free assay. Daunorubicin is a topoisomerase II inhibitor that induces apoptosis.
Do antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis?
Antibiotics can inhibit protein synthesis by targeting either the 30S subunit, examples of which include spectinomycin, tetracycline, and the aminoglycosides kanamycin and streptomycin, or to the 50S subunit, examples of which include clindamycin, chloramphenicol, linezolid, and the macrolides erythromycin.
Does actinomycin inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
Actinomycin D inhibits the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in L cells and the yield of vaccinia virus containing deoxyribonucleic acid, but it does not inhibit cellular deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis or the multiplication of Mengo virus containing ribonucleic acid.
How does the body synthesize nucleic acids?
The regular pairing of bases in the double-helical DNA structure suggested to Watson and Crick a mechanism of DNA synthesis. Their proposal that new strands of DNA are synthesized by copying of parental strands of DNA has proved to be correct. The DNA strand that is copied to form a new strand is called a template.
Is required for nucleic acid synthesis?
Synthesis of nucleic acids. Nucleotides can be separated into purines and pyrimidines. However, all nucleotide synthesis requires the use of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) which donates the ribose and phosphate necessary to create a nucleotide.
What antibiotic kills bacteria by disrupting their cell membranes?
Disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane by the faulty proteins kills the bacterial cells. The aminoglycosides, which include drugs such as streptomycin, gentamicin, neomycin, and kanamycin, are potent broad-spectrum antibacterials.
What is the mechanism of action of sulfonamide?
Mechanism of Action Sulfonamides competitively inhibit the incorporation of PABA into folic acid, thereby preventing the synthesis of folic acid. Trimethoprim binds reversibly to and inhibits dihyrofolate reductase, an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, decreasing folic acid synthesis.
Are there any drugs that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?
There are numerous nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors that are approved for the treatment of a variety of diseases. There are several diseases that are not related to neglected tropical diseases for which nucleic acid synthesis has been targeted, including:
How is DHFR involved in the de novo synthesis of folate?
DHFR is an enzyme involved in folate biosynthesis and plays a key role in the de novo synthesis of the pyrimidines cytosine, thymine, and uracil, important nucleotide building blocks. Inhibition of DHFR by compounds such as methotrexate leads to a shortage in available nucleotides, therefore blocking DNA replication.
Are there any potential therapeutic targets for nucleic acids?
There are numerous enzymes involved in the synthesis of nucleic acids that are potential therapeutic targets including: