What is an alkyl phenol?
What is an alkyl phenol?
Alkylphenols are a family of organic compounds obtained by the alkylation of phenols. The term is usually reserved for commercially important propylphenol, butylphenol, amylphenol, heptylphenol, octylphenol, nonylphenol, dodecylphenol and related “long chain alkylphenols” (LCAPs).
What are alkylphenols used for?
Alkylphenols are used to make alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are widely used as industrial surfactants. They are used as emulsifiers for polymerization, as detergents and pesticides, and in the processing of wool and metals.
Is nonylphenol ethoxylate harmful to humans?
Potential health effects include: Extreme aquatic toxicity. Skin and eye irritation. Reproductive harm. Birth defects.
Is nonylphenol an organic compound?
Environmental pollutant arising from the degradation of nonionic surfactants in sewage Nonoxynol-9, one of the APEs, is used as a surfactant in cleaning and cosmetic products, and as a spermicide in contraceptives.; Nonylphenol is an organic compound of the wider family of alkylphenols.
Is alkyl a phenol?
An alkylphenol is a phenol derivative wherein one or more of the ring hydrogens has been replaced by an alkyl group(s).
How does phenol react with acylation?
Ch24 – Acylation of phenols. Phenols are examples of bidentate nucleophiles, meaning that they can react at two positions: on the aromatic ring giving an aryl ketone via C-acylation, a Friedel-Crafts reaction or, on the phenolic oxygen giving an ester via O-acylation, an esterification.
What foods contain alkylphenols?
Due to the contamination of the environment and food chain, exposure can occur via food and, to a lesser extent, contaminated drinking water (ECB, 2002). Alkylphenols have been found in edible fish and shellfish species, as well supermarket foods (see table 1).
What is difference between phenol and nonylphenol?
The key difference between phenol and nonylphenol is that phenol has a hydroxyl group substituted into a benzene ring whereas nonylphenol has a hydroxyl group and another organic group substituted to a benzene ring. Organic compounds are chemical compounds having carbon and hydrogen atoms.
Is ethoxylate alcohol safe?
Human health. Alcohol ethoxylates are not observed to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, or skin sensitizers, nor cause reproductive or developmental effects. One byproduct of ethoxylation is 1,4-dioxane, a possible human carcinogen. Undiluted AEs can cause dermal or eye irritation.
Is nonylphenol a ethoxylate?
Nonylphenols fall into the general chemical category of alkylphenols. The structure of NPs may vary. Nonylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic in water, which means that they have no charge. Because of this property they are used as detergents, cleaners, emulsifiers, and a variety of other applications.
What is np10?
Tergitol™ NP-10 Surfactant is a nonylphenol ethoxylate-based surfactant. It is nonionic and provides excellent detergency, rinse-ability, and low odor. This product is suggested for use in cleaners & degreasers, prewash spotters and metalworking fluids.
What does a phenol group contain?
hydroxyl
Phenols are organic compounds which contain a hydroxyl (—OH) group attached to a carbon atom in a benzene ring. Their chemical behavior is very distinct from that of alcohols, because they are not capable of undergoing the same oxidation reactions that alcohols participate it.
What makes an alkylphenol an ethoxylate surfactant?
Alkylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants, consisting of branched-chain alkylphenols, which have been reacted with ethylene oxide, pro-ducing an ethoxylate chain. The main alkylphenols used are octyl- and nonylphenol. The octyl and nonyl groups are made from diisobutylene and tripropylene, respectively.
Why are alkylphenol ethoxylates ( Apeos ) restricted in the world?
Why Alkylphenol Ethoxylates (APEOs) are Restricted1 APEOs can degrade into alkylphenols (APs) in the environment. Some APs are very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects. Some APs are suspected of damaging human fertility and unborn children.
What kind of chemicals are alkylphenols used for?
Alkylphenols are organic industrial chemicals used in the production of lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers (Soares et al., 2008). Leping Ye, Ren-Shan Ge, in Vitamins & Hormones, 2014 Alkylphenols are used to make alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are widely used as industrial surfactants.
How does exposure to alkylphenol increase its toxicity?
The exposure to these compounds is via skin, air, and water. Unlike most of the exogenous chemicals, which usually become less toxic with degradation, alkylphenols actually increase their toxicity with time.
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