What is chromalveolata in biology?
What is chromalveolata in biology?
Chromalveolata was an eukaryote supergroup present in a major classification of 2005, then regarded as one of the six major groups within the eukaryotes. Chromalveolata was proposed to represent the organisms descended from a single secondary endosymbiosis involving a red alga and a bikont.
How do alveolates move?
The alveolates, protists characterized by the presence of sacs of fluid under the cell membrane called alveoli, are one such group. Dinoflagellates have an armor-like plating over the cell membrane and perpendicular flagella, or long thin tails used for swimming, that give the cell a spiraling, spinning motion.
What kingdom is chromalveolata?
kingdom Chromista
Chromalveolata is a eukaryote supergroup first proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith as a refinement of his kingdom Chromista, which was first put forward in 1981….
| Chromalveolata | |
|---|---|
| Domain: | Eukarya |
| (unranked) | Bikonta |
| (unranked): | Corticata |
| Kingdom: | Chromalveolata* |
Are all chromalveolata photosynthetic?
Not all Chromalveolata are photosynthetic. Dinoflagellates, green algae, phytoplankton, seaweed, brown algae, and diatoms are photosynthetic. Alexandrium has been difficult to classify because it changes colors depending on depth of water, and it can also live on land.
What is another name for chromalveolata?
The Chromalveolata includes four kingdoms: Heterokontae, Alveolatae, Rhizariae, and Hacrobiae (also called Hacrobia-by Cavalier-Smith 2010b) whose taxa may be photosynthetic, parasitic, saprophytic, or heterotrophic. They range in form from unicells to some of the largest multicellular organisms on earth.
Are Euglenids alveolates?
The alveolates (meaning “with cavities”) are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya, and are also called Alveolata….Alveolate.
| Alveolate Temporal range: Ediacaran — Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
|---|---|
| Clade: | TSAR |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Infrakingdom: | Alveolata Cavalier-Smith, 1991 |
| Phyla |
What are parasitic alveolates?
The Alveolates are a very recently recognized group. Detailed studies of the internal structure of these protists demonstrates that they all share a system of sacs underneath their cell membranes. A final group of Alveolates are the Apicomplexa, a group of parasitic and disease-causing protists.
What are the main characteristics of chromalveolata?
The oomycetes are characterized by a cellulose-based cell wall and an extensive network of filaments that allow for nutrient uptake. As diploid spores, many oomycetes have two oppositely directed flagella (one hairy and one smooth) for locomotion.
How did the Chromalveolata get its name?
Current evidence suggests that species classified as chromalveolates are derived from a common ancestor that engulfed a photosynthetic red algal cell, which itself had already evolved chloroplasts from an endosymbiotic relationship with a photosynthetic prokaryote.
How are the alveolates related to the Chromalveolata?
The chromalveolates can be subdivided into alveolates and stramenopiles. A large body of data supports that the alveolates are derived from a shared common ancestor. The alveolates are named for the presence of an alveolus, or membrane-enclosed sac, beneath the cell membrane.
How does the Chromalveolata affect the ecosystem?
A potato plant infected with Phytophthora infestans. Many chromalveolates affect our ecosystem in enormous ways. Some of these organisms can be very harmful. Dinoflagellates produce red tides, which can devastate fish populations and intoxicate oyster harvests.
How is the ancestor of chromalveolates believed to have resulted?
Therefore, the ancestor of chromalveolates is believed to have resulted from a secondary endosymbiotic event. However, some chromalveolates appear to have lost red alga-derived plastid organelles or lack plastid genes altogether. Therefore, this supergroup should be considered a hypothesis-based working group that is subject to change.