What is H3S10ph?
What is H3S10ph?
Phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10ph) is an unique histone modification as it is involved in two structurally opposed processes: transcriptional activation and chromatin relaxation, or chromosome compaction during cell division [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].
What does histone phosphorylation do?
Histone phosphorylation confers a negative charge to the histone, resulting in a more open chromatin conformation. It is therefore associated with gene expression and is involved in DNA damage repair and chromatin remodelling [16].
Does histone methylation increase gene expression?
Methylation of histones can either increase or decrease transcription of genes, depending on which amino acids in the histones are methylated, and how many methyl groups are attached. This process is critical for the regulation of gene expression that allows different cells to express different genes.
What causes histone acetylation?
The mechanism for acetylation and deacetylation takes place on the NH3+ groups of lysine amino acid residues. These residues are located on the tails of histones that make up the nucleosome of packaged dsDNA. Thus, acetylation of histones is known to increase the expression of genes through transcription activation.
What is the difference between histone methylation & histone acetylation?
Histone acetylation occurs at lysine residues and it increases gene expression in general. Methylation activates or represses gene expression depending on which residue is methylated. K4 methylation activates gene expression. K27 methylation represses gene expression.
What is the difference between DNA methylation and histone acetylation?
What is the effect of histone acetylation?
Acetylation removes positive charges thereby reducing the affinity between histones and DNA. Thus, in most cases, histone acetylation enhances transcription while histone deacetylation represses transcription, but the reverse is seen as well (Reamon-Buettner and Borlak, 2007).
Is methylation of arginine reversible?
Prominent histone modifications like lysine acetylation and lysine methylation are reversible. Several analyses also indicate a reversible nature of arginine methylation, but the enzymes facilitating direct removal of methyl moieties from arginine residues in proteins have been discussed controversially.
Does histone acetylation turn a gene on or off?
Thus, acetylation of histones is known to increase the expression of genes through transcription activation. This leads to decreased levels of gene expression and is known as gene silencing. Acetylated histones, the octomeric protein cores of nucleosomes, represent a type of epigenetic marker within chromatin.
Why is histone acetylation important?
Acetylation of histones alters accessibility of chromatin and allows DNA binding proteins to interact with exposed sites to activate gene transcription and downstream cellular functions.
What is the role of histone H3S10 phosphorylation?
One of them is the phosphorylation of serine 10 on histone H3 (H3S10ph). H3S10ph is emerging as an important player in the initiation and propagation of cancer, as it facilitates cellular malignant transformation and participates in fundamental cellular functions.
Why is h3s10ph important in the epigenome?
H3S10ph and enzymes responsible for deposition of this histone modification are important for chromatin activity and oncogenesis. Epigenetic-drugs targeting this axis of modifications, potentially in combination with conventional or targeted therapy, provide a promising angle in search for knowledge-driven therapeutic strategies in oncology.
Is the h3s10ph mark erased during mitosis?
In contrast to other modifications of H3 tail like H3K9me2 or H3K9ac, H3S10ph mark does not become erased as cell enters mitosis [ 27 ], but its abundance increases during cell division, compared to the interphase [ 28, 29 ]. High H3S10ph occupancy along the entire length of chromosomal arms is typically observed in prophase and metaphase.
What does histone mark do in the cell?
In normal cells this histone mark dictates the hierarchy of additional histone modifications involved in the formation of protein binding scaffolds, transcriptional regulation, blocking repressive epigenetic information and shielding gene regions from heterochromatin spreading.