What is the function of selenoprotein?
What is the function of selenoprotein?
Selenoprotein P is one of two known extracellular selenoproteins. Its concentration in plasma is sensitive to the selenium nutritional status of the individual, making it a useful biomarker of selenium status. It functions in the distribution of selenium from the liver to peripheral tissues such as the brain.
Why are selenoproteins important?
Selenoproteins have an important role in skeletal muscle regeneration, cell maintenance, oxidative and calcium homeostasis, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune responses (Castets et al., 2012).
What are seleno proteins?
In molecular biology a selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine (Sec, U, Se-Cys) amino acid residue. Among functionally characterized selenoproteins are five glutathione peroxidases (GPX) and three thioredoxin reductases, (TrxR/TXNRD) which both contain only one Sec.
How is Selenocysteine made?
In contrast to the 20 standard amino acids, selenocysteine is synthesized from a serine precursor through a series of reactions taking place on its unique tRNA.
What is a selenium deficiency?
Selenium deficiency refers to not having enough selenium in your system. This can cause several health problems. The amount of selenium in food sources is largely determined by the quality of the soil used to grow them. Rainfall, evaporation, and pH levels all affect selenium concentration in soil.
What is the active form of selenium in the body?
The major selenium form is selenomethionine. It is associated with negligible amounts of selenocysteine and selenite. The usual forms of oral supplementation are sodium selenite, sodium selenate, potassium selenate and barium selenate [8].
What is Selenoprotein synthesis?
Selenoprotein synthesis requires the reinterpretation of a UGA stop codon as one that encodes selenocysteine (Sec). • Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) is unique as it contains a selenocysteine-rich domain that requires multiple Sec incorporation events. • SELENOP synthesis requires a unique set of factors and RNA structures.
Why does selenocysteine have a specific incorporation into selenoproteins?
This may be one reason for the existence of a rather complicated pathway of selenocysteine biosynthesis and specific incorporation into selenoproteins, which avoids the occurrence of the free amino acid as intermediate.
What is the role of selenoprotein P in homeostasis?
“Selenoprotein P: an extracellular protein with unique physical characteristics and a role in selenium homeostasis”. Annu Rev Nutr. 25: 215–235. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132120.
Which is the most common selenoprotein in plasma?
Selenoprotein P is the most common selenoprotein found in the plasma. It is unusual because in humans it contains 10 Sec residues, which are split into two domains, a longer N-terminal domain that contains 1 Sec, and a shorter C-terminal domain that contains 9 Sec.
Are there selenoprotein genes in the whole genome?
These observations have recently been confirmed by whole genome analysis, which shows the presence or absence of selenoprotein genes and accessory genes for the synthesis of selenoproteins in the respective organism. This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources.
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