Which vaccine prevents congenital rubella?
Which vaccine prevents congenital rubella?
The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine offers safe and effective protection against rubella and is the main vaccine in use in Europe. MMR vaccines used in Europe are contra-indicated during pregnancy. Your doctor, nurse or midwife will be able to advise you on when to get vaccinated.
What is the most common clinical triad of congenital rubella syndrome?
The classic triad of clinical manifestations associated with CRS among surviving neonates are hearing impairment, congenital heart defects – in particular, branch pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus – and eye anomalies such as cataract(s), pigmentary retinopathy (salt and pepper type).
What is the triad of congenital rubella syndrome?
Congenital rubella syndrome is well described. The classic triad is cataract, deafness and cardiac malformation. Other features described in WHO definitions of the syndrome,12 which might be potentially diagnosed by ultrasound, include splenomegaly, microcephaly, and microphthalmos.
What is the most common congenital defect of congenital rubella syndrome?
The most common defects of CRS are hearing impairment and deafness, eye defects (cataracts, congenital glaucoma or pigmentary retinopathy) and cardiac defects. Infected infants can shed high amounts of rubella virus from body secretions for up to one year, thus potentially causing outbreaks.
How is congenital rubella transmitted?
Rubella spreads through direct contact with discharge from the nose and throat. The rubivirus that causes rubella can also be spread from a pregnant mother to her fetus through the bloodstream.
What organs does rubella affect?
Rubella is an infection that mostly affects the skin and lymph nodes.
What birth defects does rubella cause?
The most common birth defects from CRS can include:
- Deafness.
- Cataracts.
- Heart defects.
- Intellectual disabilities.
- Liver and spleen damage.
- Low birth weight.
- Skin rash at birth.
Which heart disease is most commonly associated with rubella infection?
The cardiac abnormality most frequently found in rubella syndrome is a combination of branch pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus, though isolated branch pulmonary artery stenosis is twice as common as isolated patent ductus arteriosus [1].
What happens if rubella is not treated?
People who catch the measles develop symptoms such as a fever, cough, and runny nose. A telltale rash is the hallmark of the disease. If measles isn’t treated, it can lead to complications such as ear infection, pneumonia, and encephalitis (inflammation of the brain).
How can you prevent the spread of rubella?
Rubella can be prevented with MMR vaccine. This protects against three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella. CDC recommends children get two doses of MMR vaccine, starting with the first dose at 12 through 15 months of age, and the second dose at 4 through 6 years of age.
Can rubella cause brain damage?
In rare cases, rubella can cause serious problems, including brain infections and bleeding problems. liver or spleen damage.
What happens if you are not immune to rubella while pregnant?
If a pregnant woman is not immune to rubella and catches it during the first 5 months of pregnancy, she usually passes the disease on to her fetus. If the fetus gets rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the baby will likely be born with many problems.